Term

free will

Divine choices made without necessity, and human choices that are real, effective, and carry moral responsibility.

Filed underAnthropology & HamartiologyTheology Proper

Definition

a) With respect to God: All things that God decided to will but had no necessity to will. b) With respect to human beings: The ability to make choices that are real and have genuine effects, and for which people are morally responsible.

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Sources

  1. 1.Wayne A. Grudem Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. 2nd ed.. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 2020). 13B.1Original citation: Grudem, Wayne A. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 2020, 13B.1.

Last revised August 14, 2026